What is autism?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition, which means it affects the brain and nervous system. Symptoms of autism usually appear in early childhood and there is a wide range of symptoms and severity levels among different individuals.
Typically, people with autism struggle with many everyday situations such as communication, social interaction, and learning. They may find it difficult to respond appropriately to social cues, such as facial expressions and body language. They often take longer to understand information and engage in conversations. They also tend to have an intense focus on specific topics and may engage in repetitive behaviors. Sensory issues such as sensitivity to light, sound, taste, or touch are also common, and they may experience anxiety or distress in certain situations.
- Diagnostic criteria for autism include persistent difficulties in social communication, such as challenges with back-and-forth conversation, nonverbal cues, and forming relationships. These behaviours must be accompanied by at least two types of restricted or repetitive behaviors, such as repetitive movements or speech, a strong need for routine, intensely focused interests, or unusual sensory responses.1
ASD is a lifelong condition. Each child with ASD presents differently and responds differently to treatment. As children with ASD grow and become young adults, they have difficulties interacting with their peers, managing themselves on their own, and understanding the behaviors expected of them in school or at work. Early intervention at home and school can help with daily activities, and many children benefit from structured support plans.
Early recognition and intervention are essential to help those affected manage their challenges and enhance their quality of life.
