Cognitive Deficits in Long Covid-19: How to recover from it
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“Long Covid” has gained significant attention over the past two years. While technically a respiratory disease, many people report that their symptoms last well beyond the infection period and impact other bodily functions.
Fatigue was the most common symptom reported in Long Covid, with a prevalence of 23%. This is followed by memory problems, reported by 14%. A large proportion of COVID-19 patients report neurological symptoms, with one study finding that 88% experienced cognitive dysfunction or memory issues. [1]
There is now substantial evidence that some individuals may experience neural damage, with some studies suggesting loss of gray matter in several areas of the brain, particularly in the left hemisphere. Although conclusions about the nature of Long COVID-19 are still pending, it appears that the virus may cause mild cognitive deficits. This is more commonly known as ‘brain fog’, in which the affected individual experiences impaired thinking and poor memory.
What is post-COVID brain fog?
Those unfamiliar with this phenomenon may be wondering, “what is cognitive deficits?” Cognitive impairment after Covid has been described as a collection of symptoms affecting everyday brain function, similar to feeling sleep-deprived or highly stressed.
Cognitive deficits examples include may include: [2]
• Short attention span
• Impaired executive function
• Cognitive communication deficits
• Losing words when speaking
• Limited concentration
• Reduced memory
• Slower processing speed
• Sluggish, fuzzy thinking
• Difficulty making decisions or planning
• Mental fatigue
• Confusion
• Sluggish, fuzzy thinking
• Difficulty making decisions or planning
• Mental fatigue
• Confusion
Those affected say these symptoms have a significant effect on their quality of life. ‘Brain fog’ may affect their work, relationships, and activities such as driving and interacting with others.
Some researchers have compared these symptoms to those of patients with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) suffering from post-concussive syndrome (PCS). [3]
How long does brain fog last after COVID-19?
Some studies suggest that cognitive deficits in Long Covid-19 appear around three months after the initial Covid infection period, with symptoms lasting for at least two months. However, it is also reported that symptoms can fluctuate or relapse over time. It is estimated that one out of 10 patients may have symptoms that persist for 12 weeks or more. [4]
A 2021 qualitative study involving patients affected by Covid-related brain fog found that symptoms usually appeared in the first few months after their initial COVID-19 infection. Around 65% reported that their symptoms improved after around 4-6 months. [5]
In some cases, patients had not yet recovered from their neurological symptoms for as long as seven months. These patients were unable to return to work and continued to suffer from the effects of their symptoms. [6]
How can you recover from brain fog?
Treatment for brain fog depends on the severity of the symptoms and the underlying causes. This may include nutrition, exercise, and various forms of cognitive rehabilitation.
Some medications have also been suggested for treating brain fog symptoms, such as guanfacine, which is prescribed for treating attention hyperactivity deficit disorder. Guanfacine is used to strengthen prefrontal cortical circuits.
However, brain fog can also be treated with natural solutions.
How to minimize your post-COVID-19 brain fog
The first step in recovering from brain fog should involve an assessment of your diet and lifestyle habits. Implementing a nourishing diet and routine should be a priority, along with minimizing any factors that may hinder good health.
Support your nutrition
Eating a healthy diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants will go a long way in improving your nutritional status. Dietary antioxidants are shown to support memory function by inhibiting reactions that accompany neurodegeneration, which can help prevent cognitive impairment. [7]
Foods that improve memory may include:
• Fatty fish rich in Omega-3, such as salmon, mackerel, tuna, sardines. Omega-3 fatty acids contain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) which is important for brain and eye development. DHA plays a significant role in mental health, cellular membrane fluidity, brain function, neurotransmitter release, and overall neural health. [8}
• Brightly colored fruits and vegetables such as berries, broccoli, and leafy greens. Antioxidants protect brain cells against both oxidative stress and inflammation, helping to reduce the effects of neurodegeneration. [9]
Minimize alcohol consumption
Regularly drinking alcohol can alter the brain structurally and contribute to neurotoxicity via nutrient deficiency and neuroinflammation. Alcohol is also known to cause functional dysregulation of key brain systems that control behavior, emotions, and memory processing. [17] Reducing or avoiding alcohol should be key to maintaining neural health, especially when recovering from Covid-related cognitive impairment.
Quit smoking
Like alcohol, smoking increases oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain and body. Exposure to cigarette smoke has been associated with an increased risk of neurological diseases such as stroke and Alzheimer’s disease.[18] Smoking provides no benefits to someone suffering from brain fog, and quitting is highly encouraged.
The takeaway
The takeaway
Recovery from the cognitive effects of Long Covid is possible, but it requires a holistic approach. All aspects of diet and lifestyle should be examined, and improvements made where needed.
Eating a healthy diet rich in antioxidants and ‘good fats’ is highly recommended, along with regular physical and mental exercise. Above all, a supplement such as Methyl-Life’s® Chewable Multivitamin and/or L-Threonate Magnesium can speed progress and help to restore normal cognitive function.
References
1. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(21)00299-6/fulltext
2. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.804922/full
3. https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/long-covid-brain-fog-treatment
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9266128/
5. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/2/e056366
6. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(21)00299-6/fulltext
7. https://journals.lww.com/psychosomaticmedicine/Abstract/2015/01000/Dietary_Antioxidant_Intake_and_Its_Association.10.aspx
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7468918/
9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31960481/
10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5930973/
11. https://neurosciencenews.com/aging-social-cognition-19285/
12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8962758/
13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3311304/
14. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27178134/
15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5934999/
16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20016113/
17. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/11/3938
18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3534934/
Updated On: March 14, 2023
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